For more than twenty years, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has dominated Turkish politics like no one else before him. For a whole generation, he was “the leader ” — the man people associated with power, change, and authority. In the early years, many believed he could modernize the country while also giving a voice to religious  conservatives who felt excluded from politics for decades. But over time, that shiny image wore off. Erdoğan’s Grip and Secularism Undermined instead of mo